[ENG]The Alhambra, an Arab architectural heritage in Spain: an enriching visit [ESP] La Alhambra una herencia arquitectónica árabe en España: una enriquecedora visita

Dear friends, readers and curators of this community, I am taking advantage of the views of various parts of the world that have been made by my brothers-in-law Violeta and Alfonso, the latter a lover of photography; places that, fortunately, I had the pleasure of knowing it when I was young, in 1987, and my memory still remembers with some precision, accompanied by what my relatives tell me and by that magnificent tool that is the internet. I hope you like this privileged and patrimonial site that, therefore, in a certain sense, belongs to all of us. Alfonso's photos can be found at: (Alfonso Celi @alfceli on Instagram).

As is well known, the Muslim dynasties ruled Granada from the year 711. The Nasrid, one of those dynasties, were lovers of luxury and comfort, this characteristic of the Muslims of the time can be clearly seen in several buildings in Granada, which they are indicative of their appreciation for refined pleasures. Among these is the Alhambra; whose beauty and splendor mainly comes from the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. This walled city has palaces, towers, walls, gardens and ditches and was, in its time, the residence of sultans and kings until the 16th century.

The word "Alhambra", of Arabic origin, means "Red or vermilion castle", which Muslim chroniclers narrate as a city built "under the light of torches". The not very noble purposes that led to its construction were of a military nature, but it soon became a royal residence. Its original configuration had a triple character: it was made up of a fort (alcazaba), a palace or fortress and a small city (medina) all at the same time.

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This fortress is located on a rocky hill in the Granada region, on the banks of the Darro River, which supplies the water so necessary for man and has a special religious significance for Muslims. The fortress, which rises like a castle with reddish tones on its walls, is surrounded, and at the same time protected, by mountains and thick forests.

The Alhambra consists of two main parts: the Palatine City and the Generalife. The latter is an independent palace surrounded by orchards and gardens, which was the resting place of the Granada kings. It also has its Nasrid Palaces, a space composed of three buildings (El Mexuar, the Palacio de Comares and the Palacio de los Leones) that are possibly the most striking of the entire Alhambra due to their patios, columns, ceilings and the beautiful decoration in plaster and with its walls lined with tiles.

From the 15th century, once Granada had been conquered by the Catholic Monarchs, the construction of several buildings began to be the headquarters of renowned personalities, military barracks, a Catholic Church and a Franciscan Monastery, adding, from an architectural point of view, touches Renaissance. Unesco added it to its World Heritage list in 1984.

Finally, there are some curious facts that I would like to highlight in this post. In the first place, the Alhambra is the only monument in the world that contains all the possible crystallographic groups (17), the discovery of which, after three hundred years, is due to the Russian mathematician Edvgraf Fedorov, who applied different algebraic tessellation structures to make his discovery, finding that the five tiles most used in the Nasrid ensemble are called: the bone, the flying fish, the plane, the bow tie and the petal.

Another unique detail makes tourists enraptured by observing the muqarnas, which were built from prisms that are juxtaposed to achieve depth. The artisans of the Alhambra managed to overcome the pitfalls of building muqarnas with four basic prisms to obtain unparalleled complexity and beauty and to place these three-dimensional geometric groupings on the capitals of the columns, the arches, the vaults and the friezes of the walls.

Some legends have been woven around the Alhambra, some of which date from the time of the Arabs. I am going to tell you, in a summarized version, some of them. ´The first involves the entire palace complex, of which it is said that it can be considered a sundial, so that, through its rooms, the hours that pass during the day can be measured, depending on the position of the Sun and what he reflects on the tiles. An effect that is corroborated at noon, when the rooms are divided exactly in half, as a shadow effect.

Another legend has been forged taking as its place the Gate of Justice, according to which, if there were a knight on the planet who, when passing his steed under the outer arch, would come to touch, with the tip of his spear, the sculpted hand at the top, he would become the king of Granada.

One last legend that I want to share with you is that of the candle bell, which is embodied in a ritual, which even today takes place every January 2, to commemorate what happened in 1492, when the Catholic Monarchs received the keys. of the city at the hands of Boabdil, Christian name given to the last sultan of the Nasrid kingdom. According to legend, the single young woman who comes to ring the bell of the Tower, the highest in the monument, will find a suitor whom she will marry immediately.

Dear friends, I hope I have not bothered you with these legends, but I think it is part of the beauty of man-made works, also what they say and write about these enchanting places.

References consulted:
*Historia de la Alhambra de Granada: https://www.alhambra.org/historia-alhambra.html
*La Alhambra de Granada - Guía Esencial para Organizar tu Visita: http://www.granadadirect.com/alhambra/
*Historia y partes de la Alhambra de Granada: https://ingeoexpert.com/2018/09/28/historia-de-la-alhambra/
*Leyendas y cuentos de la Alhambra - Washington Irving: https://www.alhambra.info/leyendas-alhambra.html


Apreciados amigos, lectores y curadores de esta comunidad, estoy aprovechando las vistas a varios lugares del mundo que han realizado mis cuñados Violeta y Alfonso, este último amante de la fotografía; lugares a los que, por fortuna, tuve el placer de conocer cuando era joven en 1987 y mi memoria aún recuerda con cierta precisión, acompañado por lo que me cuentan mis familiares y por esa magnífica herramienta que es la internet. Espero les guste este sitio privilegiado y patrimonial que, por lo tanto, en cierto sentido, nos pertenece a todos. Las fotos de Alfonso pueden ser localizadas en: (Alfonso Celi @alfceli en Instagram).

de la Justicia sobre la se construyó una leyenda, la cual recogimos en el texto)
Como es bien sabido, las dinastías musulmanas gobernaron Granada desde el año 711. Los nazaríes, una de esas dinastías, eran amantes del lujo y la comodidad, esta característica de los musulmanes de la época se puede apreciar claramente en varios edificios en Granada, que son indicativos de su aprecio por placeres refinados. Entre estos se encuentra la Alhambra; cuya belleza y esplendor proviene principalmente de los siglos XIII y XIV. Esta ciudad amurallada cuenta con palacios, torres, murallas, jardines y acequias y fue, en su tiempo, residencia de sultanes y reyes hasta el siglo XVI.

La palabra “Alhambra”, de origen árabe, significa “Castillo rojo o bermellón”, que los cronistas musulmanes narran como una ciudad construida “bajo la luz de las antorchas”. Los propósitos no muy nobles que condujeron a su construcción eran de carácter militar, pero pronto pasó a ser residencia real. Su configuración original tenía un triple carácter: estaba constituida por un fortín (alcazaba), un palacio o alcázar y una pequeña ciudad (medina) todo al mismo tiempo.

Esta fortaleza se encuentra ubicada sobre una colina rocosa en la región de Granada, en los márgenes del río Darro, que surte el agua tan necesaria para el hombre y que tiene una significación religiosa especial para los musulmanes. La fortaleza, que se levanta como un castillo de tonos rojizos en sus murallas, se encuentra rodeada, y a la vez protegida, por montañas y espesos bosques.

La Alhambra consta de dos partes principales: la Ciudad Palatina y El Generalife. Este último es un palacio independiente rodeado de huertas y jardines, que fue el lugar de descanso de los reyes granadinos. Cuenta, además, con sus Palacios Nazaríes, espacio compuesto de tres edificaciones (El Mexuar, el Palacio de Comares y el Palacio de los Leones) que son posiblemente los más llamativos de toda la Alhambra debido a sus patios, columnas, techos y la bella decoración en yeso y con sus paredes frisadas con azulejos.

A partir del siglo XV, una vez conquistada Granada por los Reyes Católicos, se inició la construcción de varias edificaciones para ser sede de reconocidos personajes, cuarteles militares, una Iglesia Católica y un Monasterio Franciscano, agregando, desde un punto de vista arquitectónico, toques renacentistas. La Unesco la agregó a su lista de Patrimonio Mundial en 1984.

Para terminar, hay ciertos datos curiosos que quisiera destacar en este post. En primer lugar, la Alhambra es el único monumento en el mundo que contiene todos los posibles grupos (17) cristalográficos, cuyo descubrimiento, después de trescientos años, se debe al matemático ruso Edvgraf Fedorov, quien aplicó diferentes estructuras algebraicas de teselación para realizar su hallazgo, encontrando que las cinco teselas que más se utilizan en el conjunto nazarí son las llamadas: el hueso, el pez volador, el avión, la pajarita y el pétalo.

Otro detalle singular hace que los turistas se embelescan al observar los mocárabes, que se construyeron a partir de prismas que se yuxtaponen para conseguir profundidad. Los artesanos de la Alhambra lograron superar los escollos que significaba construir mocárabes con cuatro prismas básicos para obtener una complejidad y belleza sin igual y colocar estas agrupaciones geométricas tridimensionales en los capiteles de las columnas, los arcos, las bóvedas y en los frisos de las paredes.

Alrededor de la Alhambra se han tejido algunas leyendas, algunas de las cuales datan de la época de los árabes. Voy a narrarles, en versión resumida, algunas de ellas. ´La primera involucra a todo el conjunto palaciego, del cual se dice que puede considerarse un reloj de sol, por lo que, a través de sus estancias, se pueden medir las horas que transcurren durante el día, dependiendo de la posición del Sol y lo que él refleja en las baldosas. Efecto que se ve corroborado al medio día, cuando las estancias quedan divididas exactamente por la mitad, como efecto de la sombra.

Otra leyenda se ha forjado tomando como lugar a la Puerta de la Justicia, según la cual, si existiese un caballero en el planeta que al pasar su corcel por debajo del arco exterior llegase a tocar, con la punta de su lanza, la mano esculpida en lo más alto, se convertiría en el rey de Granada.

Una última leyenda que quiero compartir con ustedes es la de la campana de la Vela, que se plasma en un ritual, que aun hoy en día se realiza cada 2 de enero, para conmemorar lo acontecido en 1492, cuando los Reyes Católicos recibieron las llaves de la ciudad de manos de Boabdil, nombre cristiano que le dieron al último sultán del reino nazarí. Según la leyenda, la joven soltera que llegue a tocar la campana de la Torre, la más alta del monumento, encontrará a un pretendiente con quien se casará en lo inmediato.

Estimados amigos, espero no haberles fastidiado con estas leyendas, pero creo que forma parte de la belleza de las obras construidas por el hombre, también lo que ellos dicen y escriben sobre estos encantadores lugares.

Referencias consultadas:
*Historia de la Alhambra de Granada: https://www.alhambra.org/historia-alhambra.html
*La Alhambra de Granada - Guía Esencial para Organizar tu Visita: http://www.granadadirect.com/alhambra/
*Historia y partes de la Alhambra de Granada: https://ingeoexpert.com/2018/09/28/historia-de-la-alhambra/
*Leyendas y cuentos de la Alhambra - Washington Irving: https://www.alhambra.info/leyendas-alhambra.html

































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Oh wow! Fantastic. I need to get out more to share some more beautiful places with you all also.
Thank you for sharing the images.
Hello melbourneswest friend, I hope that your wish to go out more is fulfilled in order to share with this community your post and appreciations of the places you visit. Thank you for your comment. Happy rest of the week.
This has to be one of the most unique designs that I have seen (it is my first time seeing this kind of design).
Hello friend afterglow, in the West we do not find many cities of architectural influence of Arab origin. Possibly, southern Spain, having been occupied for many years by the Moors, preserves beauties such as the city of the Alhambra and other places in Seville and Córdova, that I remember. Regardless of the temples or mosques that Muslims have built around the world. Thank you for your comment. Happy rest of the week
You're welcome (^_^)
Hello dear and admired friend, colleague and neighbor @besamu Excellent narration, excellent photographs,
excellent post Congratulations. By the way this legend, I quote: "the unmarried young woman who comes to ring the bell of the Tower, the highest in the monument, will find a suitor with whom she will marry immediately." The end of the quote reminded me of the legend of the Sapoara fish. For our friends who read us La Soapara is a very tasty fish that is only available when the Orinoco River stops growing. It is not found in any other part of the national or world geography but, in the Bolívar state between the Orinoco River and areas of the Sucre and Heres municipality. Legend has it that whoever eats the head of the fish marries a local ( guayanesa) Greetings and blessings.
Hola amigo @besamu
Muchas gracias por compartir esta maravilla y hacerlo con tanto derroche de detalles.
Siendo como soy Andaluza, me ha hecho mucha ilusión tus valoraciones a la octava maravilla del mundo.
El palacio de un rey enamorado a su amada, según algunas de las leyendas.
Un saludo 😊
Hola amiga Garvi. Muchas gracias por su comentario. Creo, sin embargo, que lo que he mostrado y escrito se queda muy corto ante la belleza de la Alhambra. Usted es andaluza, yo tengo una hija de abuelos andaluces y madre catalana,así que algo tenemos en común para sentirnos orgullosos de la cultura española. Reciba un abrazo fraterno.
Hello friend Garvi. Thank you very much for your comment. I believe, however, that what I have shown and written falls short of the beauty of the Alhambra. You are Andalusian, I have a daughter of Andalusian grandparents and a Catalan mother, so we have something in common that makes us proud of Spanish culture. Receive a brotherly hug.
The arches can't never go wrong. I guess most of the Arab/Muslim architecture wears that curves and arches. It just pleasing to see. The plants also adds more value to the place. Enjoy a slice of !PIZZA
Hello Juecoree, good morning, Venezuelan time. I think that Arab architecture is very tied to its customs and religion, so it is not like our Western architecture that, for better or for worse, has changed over time. In fact, it is easy to distinguish any work of Muslim architecture or design by its homogeneity, wherever it is built. This, however, is not an obstacle to being amazed by its beauty, especially, as in the case of the Alhambra, which has been built for so many years and is still visited and admired for many every year. Indeed, the greenery of its gardens gives a complementary value to the whole. Thank you for your comment, I wish you the best for the rest of the week. Ah, thanks for the pizza slice.
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Hello dear friends of Pizzabot, thank you very much for having awarded a $ PIZZA tips in this post's comments. I wish the best for you
Wow beautiful thanks for sharing
Hello smilestitches, good morning. It is a pleasure to share these post with you. Receive fraternal greetings
Superb post dear friend Benjamin! The Alhambra in Spain is by far one of the most beautiful, if not, the finest work of Islamic architecture in that part of the world. With its interesting legends, alluring myths, scientific calculations, plus remarkable design details, any visitor would surely be enchanted within its walls. It's also assuring to know that this historic landmark has been well-preserved for more generations to discover and experience. Exploring a fort, a palace, and a small city combined in one complex, the Alhambra is indeed an adventurous destination to prioritize on your bucket list. Many thanks for sharing the unforgettable Spanish escapades of your brothers-in-law Violeta and Alfonso. Warm greetings and best wishes! 😊
Dear friend erne. Everything that is said about the Alhambra falls short when one is in the presence of such a masterpiece of Muslim architecture, with its later western garnishes. I was there in a bad personal moment, as soon as we arrived, who was going to be my second wife (Catalan, but not Catalan) and I, we got sick from the stomach for a couple of days, so we had to take a look at the wonders of such a magnificent place. There was nothing left but to content ourselves with reading a lot about the history and changes that it has undergone for centuries. History, which always holds something new for us, has given me the opportunity to remember something of what I saw and enjoy what I did not know personally through the photos of my brother-in-law Alfonso. Thank you for your comment, Receive a fraternal greeting
Well done @besamu! We're happy to inform you that this publication was specially curated and awarded RUNNER-UP in Architecture Brew #49. Congratulations!
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